?? «??????» ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???.???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? / ???????? / ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? +???? ????? ??? ????? ?

?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ? ???? ????????? ?????

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. Johns Hopkins University Press. New York: Gorgias Press. New York, NY: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. ???? ????? ????? Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XII/5: Homosexuality III-Human migration II. E

? «?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???: «?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? (??? ?? ???? ??? ????) ??

????? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????.?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ????: ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? . ?? ?? . ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? . ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????